@article{ref1,
title="Quality and outcomes reporting in trauma using International Statistical Classification for Diseases, Ninth Revision codes",
journal="Journal of surgical research",
year="2015",
author="Karamanos, Efstathios and Van Esbroeck, Alexander and Mohanty, Sanjay and Syed, Zeeshan and Rubinfeld, Ilan",
volume="199",
number="2",
pages="529-535",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Use of the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) for quality and outcomes assessment is challenged by the need for laborious collection of demographic and physiological data. We hypothesize that a novel stratification approach based on International Statistical Classification for Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) data that are readily available for trauma patients provides a more accurate and more easily obtainable alternative to TRISS with the potential for widespread use. <br><br>METHODS: Data from the ACS National Trauma Data Bank were used to train and evaluate a regularized logistic regression model for mortality and linear regression models for hospital length of stay (HLOS) and intensive care unit length of stay (ILOS) using ICD-9 diagnostic and procedural codes. Model training was performed on data from 2008 (n = 124,625) and evaluation on data from 2009 (n = 120,079). The discrimination and calibration of each model based on ICD-9 codes were compared with those of TRISS. <br><br>RESULTS: The mortality model using ICD-9 codes was comparable with that of TRISS in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.922 versus 0.921, P = not significant.) and achieved better results in terms of both integrated discrimination improvement (0.106, P < 0.001) and Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-squared value (294.15 versus 2043.20). The HLOS and ILOS models using ICD-9 codes also demonstrated improvements in both R(2) (0.64 versus 0.30 for HLOS, 0.68 versus 0.34 for ILOS) and root mean-squared error (7.06 versus 8.62 for HLOS, 4.15 versus 9.54 for ILOS). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Use of ICD-9 codes for stratification provides a more accurate and more broadly applicable approach to quality and outcomes assessment in trauma patients than the labor-intensive gold standard of TRISS.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4804",
doi="10.1016/j.jss.2014.11.008",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.11.008"
}