@article{ref1,
title="Preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant problems as antecedents of school bullying",
journal="Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry",
year="2015",
author="Verlinden, Marina and Jansen, Pauline W. and Veenstra, René and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Hofman, Albert and Verhulst, Frank C. and Shaw, Philip and Tiemeier, Henning",
volume="54",
number="7",
pages="571-579",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine whether early manifestations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) increase children's later risk of bullying or victimization. <br><br>METHOD: Using a population-based, prospective cohort, our multi-informant approach comprised reports of parents, teachers, and peers. ADHD and ODD behavioral problems at ages 1.5, 3, and 5 years were determined from parental reports on the Child Behavior Checklist. Later bullying behavior at school was reported by teachers using a questionnaire (n = 3,192, mean age 6.6 years), and by peer/self-reports using peer nominations (n = 1,098, mean age 7.6 years). We examined the following: whether problem behavior scores at age 1.5, 3, or 5 years predicted a risk of bullying involvement; and whether high or increasing behavioral problems throughout ages 1.5 to 5 years were associated with bullying involvement at school. Analyses were adjusted for a range of child and maternal covariates. <br><br>RESULTS: Behavioral problems at a young age each predicted later bullying involvement at school. For example, higher ADHD problem scores at age 3 years were associated with the risks of becoming a bully or a bully-victim (ORBULLY = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07-1.35 [teacher report], ORBULLY-VICTIM = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.14-1.43 [teacher report], and ORBULLY-VICTIM = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.78 [peer/self-report]). Children whose behavioral problem scores were high or increased over time consistently had elevated risks of becoming a bully or a bully-victim. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Behavioral problems at a young age may predispose children to bullying involvement in early elementary school.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0890-8567",
doi="10.1016/j.jaac.2015.05.002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.05.002"
}