@article{ref1,
title="Adolescents from affluent city districts drink more alcohol than others",
journal="Addiction",
year="2015",
author="Pedersen, Willy and Bakken, Anders and von Soest, Tilmann",
volume="110",
number="10",
pages="1595-1604",
abstract="AIMS: To estimate the level of alcohol consumption and problems among adolescents in city districts in Oslo, Norway with different socioeconomic composition; to test whether differences in alcohol consumption are related to district differences in socio-demographic characteristics; and to analyse whether such associations remain significant after controlling for individual-level variables. <br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using multilevel linear regression analyses with individual responses at the lowest level and city-district data at the highest level. SETTING: Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS: 6,635 secondary school students, in 62 schools, living in 15 different city districts. MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of alcohol consumption and alcohol intoxication; alcohol problems; and individual characteristics such as immigrant status, religious involvement, and parental norms with regard to alcohol. Socio-economic indicators in city districts, such as education, income, and unemployment, were combined into a district-level socio-economic index (DLSI). <br><br>FINDINGS: DLSI scores were positively related to alcohol use (r = 0.31, P < 0.01) and alcohol intoxication (r = 0.25, P < 0.01) but negatively related to alcohol problems among alcohol users (r = -0.18, P < 0.01). DLSI scores remained significant for alcohol consumption and alcohol intoxication, after controlling for individual-level variables (P < 0.01), but this was not the case for alcohol problems. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Adolescents in affluent areas of Oslo, Norway report the highest levels of alcohol consumption and alcohol intoxication of all areas; neighbourhood characteristics such as education, income, and unemployment levels seem to play a role in such drinking behaviour. Alcohol users in poorer districts reported more alcohol problems than those in other districts; however, here neighbourhood effects do not seem to play a role.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.13005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.13005"
}