@article{ref1,
title="Use of chemicals and abrasives in snow and ice removal from highways",
journal="Highway Research Board bulletin",
year="1960",
author="Brohm, D. R.",
volume="252",
number="",
pages="9-30",
abstract="Ontario, like the other provinces of Canada and many of the northern states of the United States, faces each winter the tremendous task of removing snow and ice from highways and city streets. In recent years the demand for year-round bare pavements seems to have grown extensively and the maintenance groups who perform this work find their requirements increasing annually. Assuming that the demand for bare pavement will continue to exist and there is no reason to assume otherwise-and also therefore that the cost of this work is not likely to decrease-it was decided to study carefully this entire question of snow and ice removal from the highways. It was thought that such a study might provide some clues concerning the melting effect of the various chemicals currently used and also an evaluation of the effect of mixtures of chemicals and abrasives. Within the framework of this study no attempt was made to develop or investigate chemicals other than those currently in use, namely sodium chloride and calcium chloride. This does not mean that other chemicals have been ruled out, rather it was thought that a better understanding of present practice might well lead to improved efficiency and economy.<p />",
language="",
issn="0073-2206",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}