@article{ref1,
title="The association between gender and mortality among trauma patients as modified by age",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="2003",
author="George, Richard L. and McGwin, Gerald and Metzger, Jesse and Chaudry, Irshad H. and Rue, Loring W.",
volume="54",
number="3",
pages="464-471",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported a null association between gender and mortality after traumatic injury, whereas others found an age-specific association between male gender and increased mortality. Relatively small sample sizes may have contributed to the heterogeneity among existing studies; therefore, a large-sample-size study was undertaken. <br><br>METHODS: The National Trauma Data Bank was queried, yielding data for over 150,000 patients involved in blunt or penetrating trauma. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association between gender and mortality, both overall and according to mechanism of injury and age categories. <br><br>RESULTS: Among those who sustained blunt trauma, male patients had a significant increase in the risk of death compared with female patients (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.39-1.59) that was most apparent for those > or = 50 years of age (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.84-2.11). For penetrating trauma patients, essentially no significant association, either overall (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.91-1.17) or by age category, was apparent. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study found an association between gender and mortality among blunt trauma patients, particularly those aged > or = 50 years. Animal studies demonstrate that the sex hormones influence the inflammatory response to injury. These results may highlight the importance of sex hormones in traumatic injury outcomes.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="10.1097/01.TA.0000051939.95039.E6",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.TA.0000051939.95039.E6"
}