@article{ref1,
title="Human Variability Correction Factors for Use with Simplified Engineering Tools for Predicting Pain and Second Degree Skin Burns",
journal="Journal of fire protection engineering",
year="2001",
author="Wieczorek, C. J. and Dembsey, N.A.",
volume="11",
number="2",
pages="88-111",
abstract="It is important that the practicing fire protection engineer has tools that are computationally easy to use to simulate thermal injury to the skin. This paper presents a brief review of skin damage and the tools that exist for predicting pain and superficial 2nd degree burns due to radiant exposure. New simplified equations for calculating the t ime to pain and superficial 2nd degree burns for a reference state o f the skin are presented. The variation in skin properties: pain receptor depth, initial skin temperature, and epidermal thickness, as a function of age, sex, occupation, and personal habits are examined. The range of variation in these properties for a diverse population are used to develop correction factors for the s implified equations.<p />",
language="",
issn="1042-3915",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}