@article{ref1,
title="Review of toxicity and trends in the use of tiagabine as reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2012",
journal="Human and experimental toxicology",
year="2015",
author="Spiller, H. A. and Wiles, D. and Russell, J. L. and Casavant, M. J.",
volume="35",
number="2",
pages="109-113",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Tiagabine is a novel antiepileptic that acts by increasing synaptic and extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Information concerning overdose of tiagabine is limited. After introduction, an increasing number of off-label uses suggested that tiagabine use would increase. However in 2005 and 2008, warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were issued on the risk of seizures in non-epileptic and increased suicide ideation. We evaluated the temporal trends associated with these two warnings as well as clinical outcomes from tiagabine overdose. <br><br>METHOD: A retrospective review of all single substance tiagabine exposures in National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2000 to 2012. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 2147 patients had ingested tiagabine, with a mean of 165 year(-1). This was disproportionally distributed, with a steep rise leading up to 2004 (max 559 year(-1)) and then a significant decline (p < 0.05) between 2005 and 2006. The number of cases reported to NPDS mirrored the sales of tiagabine. Clinical effects were predominantly neurological, with the most commonly reported effects being drowsiness (27%), agitation (19%), confusion (12%), seizures (11%), and tachycardia (10%). In all, 758 patients (35%) showed a major or moderate medical outcome, with no deaths reported. A disproportionate share of the major outcomes was in the suicide attempt group (73%). The majority of patients (75%) were treated in a health-care facility (HCF). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The HCF usage is likely due to high rate of symptomatic patients (59%) and the large proportion of suicide attempt cases. The frequency of tiagabine cases in NPDS mirrored pharmaceutical sales, with steep declines temporally related to the 2005 FDA warning.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0960-3271",
doi="10.1177/0960327115579206",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115579206"
}