@article{ref1,
title="Levothyroxine Poisoning - Symptoms and Clinical Outcome",
journal="Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology",
year="2015",
author="Nygaard, Birgitte and Saedder, Eva Aggerholm and Dalhoff, Kim and Wikkelsoe, Mette and Jürgens, Gesche",
volume="117",
number="4",
pages="280-285",
abstract="Levothyroxine, T4 (LT) poisoning is rarely associated with a severe outcome. However, cases with significant complications have been reported. The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with symptoms of poisoning including late onset symptoms. All enquiries to the Danish Poison Information Centre (DPIC) concerning LT poisoning between March 2007 and September 2012 were reviewed and the following parameters were recorded: age, dose, time from ingestion, multiple drug intake and symptoms. In order to evaluate the frequency of late onset symptoms, a subgroup of patients without initial symptoms were contacted. A total of 181 patients were registered (112 children). Ingested LT dose ranged from 10 to 9000 mcg (median 275 mcg). A total of 29/181 (16%) patients were symptomatic at the time of enquiry, and there was no difference in ingested LT dose between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients; neither in children nor in adults (age 16-92 years) (p<0.68 and p<0.47, respectively). In total, 153/181 (85%) patients did not have symptoms of poisoning at the time of enquiry, however, in 9/21 (43%) patients we were able to contact, late-onset symptoms existed. In none of the cases, hospital contact was needed and there were no reports of long-term sequelae. Acute LT poisoning often follows a benign course. The occurrence of symptoms appears not to be dose-dependent. Late-onset symptoms seem to be common. However, all symptoms resolved spontaneously without need of medical care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1742-7835",
doi="10.1111/bcpt.12401",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12401"
}