@article{ref1,
title="The Effect of Pre-evacuation on Evacuation Times in the Simulex Model",
journal="Journal of fire protection engineering",
year="2004",
author="Spearpoint, Michael J.",
volume="14",
number="1",
pages="33-53",
abstract="The evacuation time of a building in an emergency can be broken down into a number of constituent times including the pre-evacuation time and the travel time. This paper examines how distributions of pre-evacuation times affect the occupant travel time and hence their effect on the evacuation time in the Simulex model. A simple scenario is assessed mathematically and compared with the results from Simulex with further simulations carried out on a somewhat more complex scenario. Because we expect the pre-evacuation time to be characterized by a distribution of values, simply adding the maximum pre-evacuation time and the movement time over-estimates the evacuation time. Furthermore, when the preevacuation distribution is small the travelling and queuing effects dominate the simulated evacuation time. When the pre-evacuation distribution is large, then travel and queuing effects are not so important and it is the pre-evacuation time that dominates. Finally, the paper examines some aspects of the Simulex model in situations where there is a high occupant density in a space.<p />",
language="",
issn="1042-3915",
doi="10.1177/1042391504034742",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042391504034742"
}