@article{ref1,
title="Childhood traumatic experiences of patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2014",
author="Janiri, Delfina and Sani, Gabriele and Danese, Emanuela and Simonetti, Alessio and Ambrosi, Elisa and Angeletti, Gloria and Erbuto, Denise and Caltagirone, Carlo and Girardi, Paolo and Spalletta, Gianfranco",
volume="175C",
number="",
pages="92-97",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is an important environmental stressor associated with bipolar disorders (BD). It is still not clear if it is differently distributed between BD I and BD II. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the distribution patterns of childhood trauma in BD I and BD II. In this perspective, we also studied the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality. <br><br>METHODS: We assessed 104 outpatients diagnosed with BD I (n=58) or BD II (n=46) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and 103 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex and education level. History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). <br><br>RESULTS: All patients with BD had had more severe traumatic childhood experiences than HC. Both BD I and BD II patients differed significantly from HC for trauma summary score and emotional abuse. BD I patients differed significantly from HC for sexual abuse, and BD II differed from HC for emotional neglect. BD I and BD II did not significantly differ for any type of trauma. Suicide attempts were linked to both emotional and sexual abuse in BD I and only to emotional abuse in BD II. Emotional abuse was an independent predictor of lifetime suicide attempts in BD patients. LIMITATIONS: The reliability of the retrospective assessment of childhood trauma experiences with the CTQ during adulthood may be influenced by uncontrolled recall bias. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of childhood trauma, which has great clinical importance because of its strong link with suicidality, can unveil slight differences between BD subtypes and HC.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.055",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.055"
}