@article{ref1,
title="Multiple concussions and neuropsychological functioning in collegiate football players",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2001",
author="Macciocchi, Stephen N. and Barth, Jeffrey T. and Littlefield, Lauren and Cantu, Robert C.",
volume="36",
number="3",
pages="303-306",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To document neurocognitive and neurobehavioral consequences of 1 versus 2 concussions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nonequivalent, pretest-posttest cohort design with multiple dependent measures. Participants were selected from a large sample of athletes who participated in a comprehensive, multiuniversity study of football-related concussion. SUBJECTS: College football players who sustained 1 and 2 grade 1 concussive injuries were matched for age, education, and duration of competitive football. MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychological tests and symptoms checklists. <br><br>RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance did not show a statistically significant difference in test performance between players with 1 or 2 concussions. Chi square analyses revealed that concussions significantly increased the number of symptom complaints, but symptoms returned to baseline by 10 days postinjury. The effects of 2 injuries did not appear to be significantly greater than that of a single injury. Differences in response to concussion were observed. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive and neurobehavioral consequences of 2 concussions did not appear to be significantly different from those of 1 concussion, but methodologic issues place limitations on data interpretation. Additional studies are needed to clarify the neuropsychological consequences of multiple concussions.  Keywords: American football  <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}