@article{ref1,
title="Concussive signs and symptoms following head impacts in collegiate athletes",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2010",
author="Mansell, Jamie L. and Tierney, Ryan T. and Higgins, Michael and McDevitt, Jane and Toone, Nieka and Glutting, Joseph",
volume="24",
number="9",
pages="1070-1074",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between having a previously documented concussion and experiencing concussive signs and symptoms (S&S) following head impacts in collegiate athletes. <br><br>METHODS: Two hundred and one college male football (n = 168) and female women's soccer (n = 33) athletes participated in this retrospective case-control study. Athletes completed a questionnaire and reported if they had been diagnosed with concussion and if they experienced concussive S&S following a head impact during a game or practice in the previous year. <br><br>RESULTS: Almost 60% (89 of 152) of non-concussed athletes reported experiencing S&S following head impacts in the previous year compared to 80% (39 of 49) of concussed athletes. The Phi coefficient (r = 0.196, p = 0.005) results indicated a significant association between previous history of concussion and the occurrence of S&S following a head impact. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A large percentage of non-concussed athletes are experiencing concussive S&S following head impacts during games and practices. Previously concussed athletes, however, report experiencing S&S more frequently following head impacts than their non-concussed counterparts. Although this study is subject to the limitations of a retrospective research design, these findings highlight the need for more diligent surveillance from clinicians, as many concussions are being missed.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.3109/02699052.2010.494589",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2010.494589"
}