@article{ref1,
title="Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac remodeling in the high-level football player",
journal="Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux",
year="2006",
author="Bennani, M. and Carre, F. and Arsi, M. and Bennis, A.",
volume="99",
number="11",
pages="964-968",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to assess the morphological and hemodynamic cardiovascular changes of 24 high-level football players, using Doppler-echocardiography, and compare them to a similar control group. <br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four elite football players were matched to 24 normal subjects according to age, sex, and body surface. All participants had a clinical examination, resting ECG, Doppler-echocardiography and a measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The echocardiographic variables were compared between two groups by the Student's t-test and other statistical tests, using the SPSS 12 for Windows software. Compared to the control group, the wall thickness (10.49 + 1.04 vs. 7.5 + 2.04 mm, p < 0.05), the LV end-diastolic diameter (57.1 + 3.70 vs. 41.2 + 3.65 mm, p < 0.01) and left atrium surface (20.16 + 2.03 vs. 16.16 + 1.83 cm2, p < 0.01) were significantly more important in football players. The LV and RV ejection fractions were similar in both groups. The RV long-axis diastolic diameter (8 + 0.5 vs. 6.5 + 1.1 mm, p < 0.01) and S-wave using DTI (0.17 + 0.02 vs. 0.14 + 0.02, p < 0.05) were more important among football players. <br><br>DISCUSSION: The hemodynamic and morphological changes result from an acquired cardiac adaptation in athletes with important endurance and resistive efforts. The majority of players presented an intermediate-type of remodeling, but the more offensive ones had an endurance-type heart, whereas the defense players had a resistance-type aspect. <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study on the cardiac remodeling in high-level athletes permits to have a distinctive approach between physiological and pathological remodeling. This remodeling varies according to the player's post and exercise capacities. In a football player, a correlation between physical level and physical capacity is plausible.  Keywords: Soccer<p /> <p>Language: fr</p>",
language="fr",
issn="0003-9683",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}