@article{ref1,
title="Methodology for mapping football head impact exposure to helmet pads for repeated loading testing",
journal="Biomedical sciences instrumentation",
year="2014",
author="MacAlister, Anna and Young, Tyler and Daniel, Ray W. and Rowson, Steven and Duma, Stefan M.",
volume="50",
number="",
pages="242-247",
abstract="Football helmets have a lifespan of 10 years; however, no work has investigated how helmet padding properties change over time with use. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to control repeated pad loading and quantify changes in energy management. Head impact exposure data for 7-8 year old football players were used to find an average impact magnitude. NOCSAE-style drop tests were performed using an instrumented headform fitted with the same style helmet (Helmet A) used to collect population data to determine the compression depth and rate of the helmet padding during an average impact. Drops from the same height were then conducted for two other helmet types (Helmet B and Helmet C). For the average impact of ~15 g, the compression depth and rate of the pads from Helmet A were found to be 9.8 mm and 0.72 m/s respectively. The compression depths and rates for Helmets B and C were found to be 6.1 mm and 0.71 m/s and 10.7 mm and 0.69 m/s respectively. These parameters were utilized by a material testing system program to impact helmet padding. Repeated helmet pad loading can be tested using a material testing system for populations with known head impact exposure. The energy absorbing characteristics of the padding can be used to develop new safety regulations regarding the lifetime of helmets, affording better protection to athletes.  Keywords: American football; <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0067-8856",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}