@article{ref1,
title="The combined relationship of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality among men, accounting for physical fitness",
journal="American journal of epidemiology",
year="2014",
author="Clays, Els and Lidegaard, Mark and De Bacquer, Dirk and Van Herck, Koen and De Backer, Guy and Kittel, France and de Smet, Patrick and Holtermann, Andreas",
volume="179",
number="5",
pages="559-566",
abstract="The aim of this study was to assess the combined relationship of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality among men, while accounting for physical fitness. The prospective Belgian Physical Fitness Study included 1,456 male workers aged 40-55 years who were free of coronary heart disease at baseline. Baseline data were collected through questionnaires and clinical examinations from 1976 to 1978. To estimate physical fitness, a submaximal graded exercise test was performed on a bicycle ergometer. Total mortality was registered during a mean follow-up period of 16.9 years. Main results were obtained through Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A total of 145 deaths were registered during follow-up. After adjustment for confounders, a significantly increased mortality rate was observed in workers who had low levels of both physical activity types (hazard ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 4.19) but also in workers combining high occupational physical activity and low leisure-time physical activity (hazard ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 3.91); the latter finding was particularly pronounced among workers with a low physical fitness level. The present results confirm the existence of a complex interplay among different physical activity settings and fitness levels in predicting mortality.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-9262",
doi="10.1093/aje/kwt294",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt294"
}