@article{ref1,
title="Effects of caffeine on social behavior, exploration and locomotor activity: interactions with ethanol",
journal="Life Sciences",
year="1989",
author="Hilakivi, L. A. and Durcan, M. J. and Lister, R. G.",
volume="44",
number="8",
pages="543-553",
abstract="The effects of caffeine and its interaction with ethanol were examined in a test of social behavior and a holeboard test of exploration and locomotion. Male mice were injected i.p. with 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg caffeine alone or in combination with 2 g/kg ethanol. The animals were then put in pairs into a familiar arena, or examined individually in the holeboard. Only the highest dose of caffeine (60 mg/kg) had a significant effect on the time spent in social interaction and motor activity in the social behavior test: both measures were reduced. The duration and frequency of avoidance-irritability behavior was dose-dependently increased by caffeine. In the holeboard, caffeine caused a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. 30 mg/kg caffeine reversed the ethanol-induced reduction of time spent in social interaction, and 60 mg/kg caffeine antagonized the ethanol-induced increase in locomotor activity in both the social behavior and holeboard tests. Caffeine's effects on ethanol-induced behavioral changes are compared with those of other drugs.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0024-3205",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}