@article{ref1,
title="Development and factor analytic validation of the SPANAS among women in Spain: (more) cross-cultural convergence in the structure of mood",
journal="Journal of personality assessment",
year="1997",
author="Joiner, T. E. and Sandin, B. and Chorot, P. and Lostao, L. and Marquina, G.",
volume="68",
number="3",
pages="600-615",
abstract="We reported our findings on the development and preliminary validation of a Spanish-language measure of positive and negative affect. Using confirmatory factor analytic techniques on data generated by 708 women in northern Spain, we obtained reasonable construct validity and reliability data for the measure. Consistent with past cross-cultural studies, a two-factor Positive Affect-Negative Affect (PA-NA)structure emerged, with PA and NA as relatively independent entities. The structure in this sample converged with that reported for a culturally separate group of participants. This factor structure has therefore revealed invariance across a number of cultural groups in Asia, Europe, and North America.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3891",
doi="10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_8"
}