@article{ref1,
title="Linearity and sex-specificity of impact force prediction during a fall onto the outstretched hand using a single-damper-model",
journal="Journal of musculoskeletal and neuronal interactions",
year="2014",
author="Kawalilak, C. E. and Lanovaz, J. L. and Johnston, J. D. and Kontulainen, S. A.",
volume="14",
number="3",
pages="286-293",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To assess the linearity and sex-specificity of damping coefficients used in a single-damper-model (SDM) when predicting impact forces during the worst-case falling scenario from fall heights up to 25 cm. <br><br>METHODS: Using 3-dimensional motion tracking and an integrated force plate, impact forces and impact velocities were assessed from 10 young adults (5 males; 5 females), falling from planted knees onto outstretched arms, from a random order of drop heights: 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm. We assessed the linearity and sex-specificity between impact forces and impact velocities across all fall heights using analysis of variance linearity test and linear regression, respectively. Significance was accepted at P<0.05. <br><br>RESULTS: Association between impact forces and impact velocities up to 25 cm was linear (P=0.02). Damping coefficients appeared sex-specific (males: 627 Ns/m, R(2)=0.70; females: 421 Ns/m; R(2)=0.81; sex combined: 532 Ns/m, R(2)=0.61). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A linear damping coefficient used in the SDM proved valid for predicting impact forces from fall heights up to 25 cm. <br><br>RESULTS suggested the use of sex-specific damping coefficients when estimating impact force using the SDM and calculating the factor-of-risk for wrist fractures.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1108-7161",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}