@article{ref1,
title="The Catalytic Situation in the Violence Equation",
journal="Journal of applied social psychology",
year="1985",
author="Toch, Hans",
volume="15",
number="2",
pages="105-123",
abstract="This paper discusses views of violence that point to situational impingements on the aggressor as precipitants of his or her aggression. The view (situational determinism) is illustrated through excerpts from a trial that was concerned with police responsibility for incidents of police-citizen violence. The excerpts high-light the exonerating and antipsychological corollaries of the situational view and its emphasis on victim-related variables. This deterministic scenario (violence situation) is contrasted with an interpersonal emphasis (violence transaction) and an offender-centered perspective (violence opportunity). In contrast to the latter's emphasis on aggressor motivation, situational determinism implies the generic motivation (&quot;normalcy&quot;) of aggression. As a corollary, the view rejects the possibility of introducing deescalating options into evolving violence transactions.<p />",
language="",
issn="0021-9029",
doi="10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02338.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1985.tb02338.x"
}