@article{ref1,
title="A potential biomarker in sports-related concussion: brain functional connectivity alteration of the default-mode network measured with longitudinal resting-state fMRI over 30 days",
journal="Journal of neurotrauma",
year="2014",
author="Zhu, David C. and Covassin, Tracey and Nogle, Sally and Doyle, Scarlett and Russell, Doozie and Pearson, Randolph L. and Monroe, Jeffrey and Liszewski, Christine M. and DeMarco, J. Kevin and Kaufman, David I.",
volume="32",
number="5",
pages="327-341",
abstract="Current diagnosis and monitoring of sports-related concussion rely on clinical signs and symptoms, and balance, vestibular and neuropsychological examinations. Conventional brain imaging often does not reveal abnormalities. We sought to assess if the longitudinal change of functional and structural connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) can serve as a potential biomarker. Eight concussed Division 1 collegiate football student-athletes in season (one participated twice) and 11 control subjects participated in this study. ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) was administered over the course of recovery. High-resolution 3D T1-weighted, T2*-weighted, diffusion-tensor and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) images were collected from each subject within 24 hours, 7 ± 1 and 30 ± 1 days after concussion. Both network-based and whole-brain based functional correlation analyses on DMN were performed. ImPACT findings demonstrated significant cognitive impairment across multiple categories and a significant increase of symptom severity on Day 1 following a concussion, but fully recovered by 6 ± 2.4 days. While the structural connectivity within DMN and gross anatomy appeared unchanged, a significantly reduced functional connectivity within DMN from Day 1 to 7 was found in the concussed group in this small pilot study. This reduction was seen in eight of our nine concussion cases. Compared to the control group, there appears a general trend of increased DMN functional connectivity on Day 1, a significant drop on Day 7, and partial recovery on Day 30. The results from this pilot study suggest that the functional connectivity of DMN measured with longitudinal rs-fMRI can serve as a potential biomarker to monitor the dynamically changing brain function after sports-related concussion, even in patients who have clinically improved.  Keywords: American football; <p/> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0897-7151",
doi="10.1089/neu.2014.3413",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2014.3413"
}