@article{ref1,
title="An Examination of the Actor-Observer Effect in Young Drivers' Attributions for Their Own and Their Friends' Risky Driving",
journal="Journal of applied social psychology",
year="2004",
author="Houkamau, Carla and Brandt, Theo and Harre, Niki",
volume="34",
number="4",
pages="806-824",
abstract="The attributions of 70 young drivers for their own and their friends' risky driving were examined using open-ended questions to determine if there were self-other differences consistent with the actor-observer effect. Six response categories were created, 4 of which were rated as more dispositional than situational by a subsample of the participants and 2 of which were rated as more situational than dispositional. While the largely dispositional category &quot;Showing off, acting cool&quot; was used significantly more for friends than for self, and the largely situational &quot;In a hurry, late&quot; was used significantly more for self than for friends, there was only limited support for the actor-observer effect overall. The participants also rated their friends as taking more risks than themselves. The actor-observer differences are suggested to be influenced primarily by motivational factors and the context in which young people observe their friends' driving. New approaches to traffic safety interventions are suggested.<p />",
language="",
issn="0021-9029",
doi="10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02572.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02572.x"
}