@article{ref1,
title="Incidence of and risk factors for traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: an epidemiologic study in high-school rugby players",
journal="Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery",
year="2014",
author="Kawasaki, Takayuki and Ota, Chihiro and Urayama, Shingo and Maki, Nobukazu and Nagayama, Masataka and Kaketa, Takefumi and Takazawa, Yuji and Kaneko, Kazuo",
volume="23",
number="11",
pages="1624-1630",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The incidence of reinjuries due to glenohumeral instability and the major risk factors for primary anterior shoulder dislocation in youth rugby players have been unclear. <br><br>PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, mechanisms, and intrinsic risk factors of shoulder dislocation in elite high-school rugby union teams during the 2012 season. <br><br>METHODS: A total of 378 male rugby players from 7 high-school teams were investigated by use of self-administered preseason and postseason questionnaires. <br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of a history of shoulder dislocation was 14.8%, and there were 21 events of primary shoulder dislocation of the 74 overall shoulder injuries that were sustained during the season (3.2 events per 1000 player-hours of match exposure). During the season, 54.3% of the shoulders with at least one episode of shoulder dislocation had reinjury. This study also indicated that the persistence of glenohumeral instability might affect the player's self-assessed condition, regardless of the incidence during the current season. By a multivariate logistic regression method, a history of shoulder dislocation on the opposite side before the season was found to be a risk factor for contralateral primary shoulder dislocation (odds ratio, 3.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-9.97; P = .02). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: High-school rugby players with a history of shoulder dislocation are not playing at full capacity and also have a significant rate of reinjury as well as a high risk of dislocating the other shoulder. These findings may be helpful in deciding on the proper treatment of primary anterior shoulder dislocation in young rugby players.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1058-2746",
doi="10.1016/j.jse.2014.05.007",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2014.05.007"
}