@article{ref1,
title="Prospective trajectories of posttraumatic stress in college women following a campus mass shooting",
journal="Journal of Traumatic Stress",
year="2014",
author="Orcutt, Holly K. and Bonanno, George A. and Hannan, Susan M. and Miron, Lynsey R.",
volume="27",
number="3",
pages="249-256",
abstract="In a sample with known levels of preshooting posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, we examined the impact of a campus mass shooting on trajectories of PTS in the 31 months following the shooting using latent growth mixture modeling. Female students completed 7 waves of a longitudinal study (sample sizes ranged from 812 to 559). We identified 4 distinct trajectories (n = 660): (a) minimal impact-resilience (60.9%), (b) high impact-recovery (29.1%), (c) moderate impact-moderate symptoms (8.2%), and (d) chronic dysfunction (1.8%). Individuals in each trajectory class remained at or returned to preshooting levels of PTS approximately 6 months postshooting. The minimal impact-resilience class reported less prior trauma exposure (η(2) =.13), less shooting exposure (η(2) =.07), and greater emotion regulation skills than all other classes (η(2) >.30). The chronic dysfunction class endorsed higher rates of experiential avoidance prior to the shooting than the minimal-impact resilient and high impact-recovery classes (η(2) =.15), as well as greater shooting exposure than the high impact-recovery class (η(2) =.07). <br><br>FINDINGS suggest that preshooting functioning and emotion regulation distinguish between those who experience prolonged distress following mass violence and those who gradually recover.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0894-9867",
doi="10.1002/jts.21914",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21914"
}