@article{ref1,
title="Bihemispheric gunshot wounds: survival and long-term neuropsychological follow-up of three siblings",
journal="Child's nervous system",
year="2014",
author="Gordon, Amber S. and Tofil, Nancy and Marullo, Daniel and Blount, Jeffrey P.",
volume="30",
number="9",
pages="1589-1594",
abstract="PURPOSE: Penetrating gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) have notoriously poor outcomes with extremely high mortality. Long-term follow-up data of affected children is scant in the medical literature. This report summarizes clinical presentation, management, and long-term outcomes from three children who survived &quot;execution style&quot; frontal, bihemispheric gunshot wounds with no or minimal surgical intervention. <br><br>METHODS: A retrospective chart review of available medical records and outcomes from standardized, validated psychological instruments was undertaken, summarized, and evaluated. <br><br>RESULTS: Despite bihemispheric injuries in each patient, no patient required operative intervention. Each child survived without readily evident neurologic impairment; however, the extent of impaired executive function varied widely, and severe disinhibition remains profoundly disabling in one survivor. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Bihemispheric penetrating gunshot injuries are not uniformly fatal and can occasionally be associated with long-term favorable survival; however, impaired executive function has significant potential to be profoundly disabling in these injuries.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0256-7040",
doi="10.1007/s00381-014-2429-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-014-2429-0"
}