@article{ref1,
title="PTSD perpetuates pain in children with traumatic brain injury",
journal="Journal of pediatric psychology",
year="2014",
author="Brown, Erin A. and Kenardy, Justin A. and Dow, Belinda L.",
volume="39",
number="5",
pages="512-520",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: This study tested theoretical models of the relationship between pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). <br><br>METHODS: Participants consisted of 195 children aged 6-15 years presenting to one of three Australian hospitals following a mild-severe TBI. Children were assessed at 3, 6, and 18 months after their accident for PTSD (via the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents [CAPS-CA] clinical interview) as well as physical pain (via the Child Health Questionnaire, 50-item version [CHQ-PF50]). Trained clinicians administered the CAPS-CA at home visits, and the CHQ-PF50 was collected through questionnaires. <br><br>RESULTS: Structural equation modeling found the data supported the mutual maintenance model and also the nested perpetual avoidance model. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Both models indicate PTSD is driving the presence of pain, and not vice versa. A fourth model stating this was proposed. Therefore, it may be useful to address PTSD symptoms in treating child pain for expediting recovery.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-8693",
doi="10.1093/jpepsy/jsu014",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsu014"
}