@article{ref1,
title="Incapacitation recovery times from a conductive electrical weapon exposure",
journal="Forensic science, medicine, and pathology",
year="2014",
author="Criscione, John C. and Kroll, Mark W.",
volume="10",
number="2",
pages="203-207",
abstract="PURPOSE: Law enforcement officers expect that a TASER(®) CEW (Conducted Electrical Weapon) broad-spread probe exposure will temporarily incapacitate a subject who will then be able to immediately (~1 s delay) recover motor control in order to comply with commands. However, this recovery time has not been previously reported. <br><br>METHODS: A total of 32 police academy students were exposed to a very broad-spread 5 s CEW stimulus as part of their training and told to depress a push-button as soon as they sensed the stimulus. A subgroup also depressed the push-button after being alerted by an audio stimulus. <br><br>RESULTS: The response time after the audio trigger was 1.05 ± 0.25 s; the median was 1.04 s (range 0.69-1.34 s). For the paired CEW triggered group the mean response time was 1.41 ± 0.61 s with a median of 1.06 s (range 0.92-2.18 s), which was not statistically different. Only 2/32 subjects were able to depress the button during the CEW exposure and with delays of 3.09 and 4.70 s from the start. Of the remaining 30 subjects the mean response time to execute the task (once the CEW exposure ended) was 1.27 ± 0.58 s with a median of 1.19 s (range 0.31-2.99 s) (NS vs. the audio trigger). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: With a very-broad electrode spread, a CEW exposure could prevent or delay some purposeful movements. Normal reaction times appear to return immediately (~1 s) after the CEW exposure ceases.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1547-769X",
doi="10.1007/s12024-014-9551-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12024-014-9551-x"
}