@article{ref1,
title="Use of hair testing to determine methadone exposure in pediatric deaths",
journal="Journal of forensic sciences",
year="2014",
author="Tournel, Gilles and Pollard, Jocelyn and Humbert, Luc and Wiart, Jean-François and Hédouin, Valéry and Allorge, Delphine",
volume="59",
number="5",
pages="1436-1440",
abstract="A case of death attributed to methadone acute poisoning in an infant aged 11 months is reported. A sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was suspected, whereas a traumatic cause of death was excluded regarding autopsy findings. Specimens were submitted to a large toxicological analysis, which included ethanol measurement by HS-GC-FID, a targeted screening for drugs of abuse and various prescription drug classes followed by quantification using UPLC-MS/MS methods. Methadone and its metabolite (EDDP) were detected in all the tested fluids, as well as in hair, with a blood concentration of methadone considered as lethal for children (73 ng/mL). The cause of death was determined to be acute &quot;methadone poisoning&quot;, and the manner of death was &quot;accidental&quot;. A discussion of the case circumstances, the difficulties with the interpretation of toxicological findings in children (blood concentration and hair testing), and the origin of exposure are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-1198",
doi="10.1111/1556-4029.12464",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12464"
}