@article{ref1,
title="Neuropsychological effects of long-term opioid use in chronic pain patients",
journal="Journal of pain and symptom management",
year="2003",
author="Jamison, Robert N. and Schein, Jeff R. and Vallow, Susan and Ascher, Steven and Vorsanger, Gary J. and Katz, Nathaniel P.",
volume="26",
number="4",
pages="913-921",
abstract="Opioids are thought to worsen the performance of psychomotor tasks due to their sedating and mental-clouding effects. As a result, some safety regulations currently restrict the use of opioids when driving or using heavy equipment. We investigated the psychomotor effects of long-term opioid use in 144 patients with low back pain. All subjects were administered two neuropsychological tests (Digit Symbol and Trail Making Test-B) before being prescribed opioids for pain; tests were re-administered at 90- and 180-day intervals. Test scores significantly improved while subjects were taking opioids for pain, which suggests that long-term use of oxycodone with acetaminophen or transdermal fentanyl does not significantly impair cognitive ability or psychomotor function.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-3924",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}