@article{ref1,
title="Externalizing and internalizing subtypes of posttraumatic psychopathology and anger expression",
journal="Journal of Traumatic Stress",
year="2014",
author="Castillo, Diane T. and Joseph, Jeremy S. and Tharp, Andra T. and C'de Baca, Janet and Torres-Sena, Lorraine M. and Qualls, Clifford and Miller, Mark W.",
volume="27",
number="1",
pages="108-111",
abstract="Subtypes of posttraumatic psychopathology were replicated and extended in 254 female veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cluster analyses on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 and Personality Psychopathology Five scales (Harkness, McNulty, & Ben-Porath, ) yielded internalizing and externalizing psychopathology dimensions, with a third low psychopathology group (simple PTSD). Externalizers were higher than the internalizers and the simple PTSD groups on the antisocial, substance, and aggression scales; internalizers were higher on depression and anxiety scales. Further validation included an independent measure of psychopathology to examine anger (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, [BDHI]; Buss & Durkee, ). Externalizers were higher on extreme behavioral anger scales (assault and verbal hostility); and externalizers and internalizers were higher than the simple PTSD subjects on other anger scales. Positive correlations between the BDHI scales and the PTSD symptom of &quot;irritability and anger outbursts&quot; were found across scales in the total sample (range: r = .19-.36), on the assault scale in externalizers (r = .59), and the verbal hostility scale in both internalizers (r = .30) and simple PTSD (r = .37) groups, suggesting the broad utility of the symptom in the diagnosis. The results demonstrate the generalizability of the internalizing/externalizing typology to the female veteran population and highlight clinically relevant distinctions in anger expression within PTSD.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0894-9867",
doi="10.1002/jts.21886",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21886"
}