@article{ref1,
title="Safer truck front design for pedestrian impacts",
journal="Crash prevention and injury control",
year="2000",
author="Chawla, Anoop and Mohan, Dinesh and Sharma, V. and Kajzer, Janusz",
volume="2",
number="1",
pages="33-43",
abstract="Truck and bus frontal impacts account for a major proportion of pedestrian fatalities in many less motorized countries.  To understand this phenomenon, injury data on pedestrian impacts with buses and trucks were collected; computer simulations to identify critical design parameters at 15-45 km/h impact velocities were performed for further investigation.  A male dummy which was scaled to fifty percentile Indian dimension has been used for simulations using MADYMO.  Bumper height, bumper offset and grille inclination affect pelvis and thorax forces as well as the head injury criterion values critically.  Bumper width has less effect.  Simulations were performed to optimize for the above mentioned three parameters.  Simulations performed confirm that it is theoretically possible to make truck/bus fronts safer for pedestrians in impacts up to 35 km/h.<br />",
language="",
issn="1028-6586",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}