@article{ref1,
title="Maternal supervision of children during their first 3 years of life: The influence of maternal depression and child gender",
journal="Journal of pediatric psychology",
year="2014",
author="Phelan, Kieran J. and Morrongiello, Barbara A. and Khoury, Jane C. and Xu, Yingying and Liddy, Stacey and Lanphear, Bruce",
volume="39",
number="3",
pages="349-357",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effect of child gender and maternal depressive symptoms on routine supervisory practices of mothers longitudinally.   METHOD: Self-report supervision practices were obtained at various time points from 3 months through 3 years of age.   RESULTS: From 3 to 36 months, the quantity of time mothers reported supervising decreased from 7.1 to 6.3 hours, and the proportion of time spent in an intense style decreased from 63 to 46%, whereas that spent in a peripheral style increased from 14 to 32%. Mothers reported more time supervising girls and a greater proportion of this was in an intense style. Mothers with elevated depressive symptoms reported more time supervising but a lower proportion in an intense style.   CONCLUSION: Over the first 36 months of life, routine patterns of supervision change and these vary as a function of maternal depression symptoms and child gender. Implications for child injury risk are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-8693",
doi="10.1093/jpepsy/jst090",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jst090"
}