@article{ref1,
title="A comparison of two approaches to the study of negative peer treatment: General victimization and bully/victim problems among German schoolchildren",
journal="British journal of developmental psychology",
year="2002",
author="Schafer, M. and Werner, Nicole E. and Crick, Nicki R.",
volume="20",
number="2",
pages="281-306",
abstract="Studies of children who are the frequent targets of peers&quot; aggressive acts have been guided by two differing research traditions, namely the &quot;bully/victim&quot; and the &quot;general victimization&quot; traditions. Although the terms &quot;bullying&quot; and &quot;victimization&quot; are often used interchangeably, these constructs represent approaches that differ in terms of conceptual definitions of negative peer treatment, research methodologies, and relative interest in group-versus individual-level phenomena. The present study was designed as a first step towards the integration of these diverse literatures. Our specific goals were: to validate the relational victimization construct with a German sample of early adolescents (N = 217) through replication of previously published findings, and to examine systematically the relations among constructs derived from the two approaches. Our results showed that relational victimization, physical victimization, and bully/victim experiences were moderately correlated. The non-overlapping properties of the constructs, however, are best understood in the context of gender differences.<p />",
language="",
issn="0261-510X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}