@article{ref1,
title="Driving with hemianopia: 4. Detection of stationary and approaching pedestrians in a simulator",
journal="Investigative ophthalmology and visual science",
year="2014",
author="Alberti, Concetta F. and Peli, Eli and Bowers, Alex R.",
volume="55",
number="1",
pages="368-374",
abstract="Purpose: To compare blind side detection performance of drivers with homonymous hemianopia (HH) for stationary and approaching pedestrians, initially appearing at small (4°) or large (14°) eccentricities in a driving simulator. While the stationary pedestrians did not represent an imminent threat, as their eccentricity increased rapidly as the vehicle advanced, the approaching pedestrians maintained a collision course with approximately constant eccentricity, walking or running toward the travel lane as if to cross. METHODS: 12 participants with complete HH and without spatial neglect pressed the horn whenever they detected a pedestrian while driving along pre-determined routes in two driving simulator sessions. Miss rates and reaction times were analysed for 52 stationary and 52 approaching pedestrians. RESULTS: Miss rates were higher and reaction times longer on the blind than the seeing-side (p < 0.01). On the blind side, miss rates were lower for approaching than stationary pedestrians (16% vs. 29%, p = 0.01), especially at larger eccentricities (20% vs. 54%, p = 0.005), but reaction times for approaching pedestrians were longer (1.72 vs. 1.41 s; p = 0.03). Overall, the proportion of potential blind-side collisions (missed and late responses) was not different for the two paradigms (41% vs. 35%, p = 0.48), and significantly higher than for the seeing side (3%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: In a realistic pedestrian detection task, drivers with HH exhibited significant blind-side detection deficits. Even when approaching pedestrians were detected, responses were often too late to avoid a potential collision.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-0404",
doi="10.1167/iovs.13-12737",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-12737"
}