@article{ref1,
title="The influence of temperature of ingested fluid on stomach emptying time",
journal="International journal of clinical pharmacology and biopharmacy",
year="1977",
author="Ritschel, W. A. and Erni, W.",
volume="15",
number="4",
pages="172-175",
abstract="The influence of the temperature of ingested water on the stomach emptying time of solid material was studied in healthy volunteers using a telemetric pH measurement device. The time of discharge of the indigestible capsule from the stomach into the duodenum is statistically faster when administered with 250 ml of water at 5 degrees C, 15.91+/-10.04 min. (mean+/-SD) than it is with water at 20-25 degrees C, 48.18+/-28.97 min (mean+/-SD) or at 45 degrees C 71.42+/-37.08 min. (mean+/-SD). It seems that the interindividual variation is larger than the intra-individual one. These observations suggest that enteric coated preparations and drugs which are inactivated by gastric fluid or irritate gastric mucosa should be administered only with ice water (4-6 degrees C), and stomach washings (with charcoal) in order to remove a poisoning agent should be performed with warm water (45 degrees C).<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0340-0026",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}