@article{ref1,
title="Evaluating a spinal cord injury-specific model of depression and quality of life",
journal="Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation",
year="2014",
author="Hartoonian, Narineh and Hoffman, Jeanne M. and Kalpakjian, Claire Z. and Taylor, Heather B. and Krause, James K. and Bombardier, Charles H.",
volume="95",
number="3",
pages="455-465",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine whether demographic, injury, health, and functional factors similarly have the same predictive relationship with both somatic and non-somatic symptoms of depression, as well as whether somatic and non-somatic symptoms of depression have the same association with quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data. SETTING: SCI Model Systems National Database. PARTICIPANTS: 4976 participants with traumatic SCI who completed an interview at 1-year post injury between 2006 and 2011. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Somatic and non-somatic symptoms of depression from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and quality of life measured by the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the hypothesized model provided a good fit to the data, but modification of the model lead to a significant improvement in model fit, Δχ(2)(1) = 226.21, p < .001; CFI = .976; χ(2)(199) = 585.39, p < .001; RMSEA = .027 (90% C.I.: .025 - .030). The health-related factors including pain severity, pain interference, and health status were similarly associated with both somatic and non-somatic symptoms of depression. Quality of life was negatively associated with non-somatic symptoms of depression, but was unrelated to somatic symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of depression after SCI should include a careful assessment of health concerns given the relationship between health-related factors and both somatic and non-somatic symptoms of depression. Treatments for depressive symptoms may be improved by targeting health concerns, such as pain, along with a specific focus on non-somatic symptoms in order to improve QOL.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-9993",
doi="10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.029",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.029"
}