@article{ref1,
title="Are self-reported risk-taking behavior and helmet use associated with injury causes among skiers and snowboarders?",
journal="Scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports",
year="2013",
author="Ruedl, G. and Burtscher, M. and Wolf, M. and Ledochowski, L. and Bauer, R. and Benedetto, K-p and Kopp, M.",
volume="25",
number="1",
pages="125-130",
abstract="Over the last 10 years, ski helmet use has steadily increased worldwide. According to the &quot;risk compensation theory,&quot; however, studies found that up to one third of skiers and snowboarders self-reported to engage in more risk taking when wearing a ski helmet. Therefore, to evaluate whether self-reported risk taking and ski helmet use affect accident causes on ski slopes, more than 2000 injured skiers and snowboarders were interviewed during the 2011/2012 winter season about accident causes and potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Chi-square tests revealed that ski helmet use did not significantly differ between self-reported risky and cautious people (81% vs 83%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed younger age groups [odds ratios (ORs) 1.8-1.9, P < 005], male sex (OR 2.4, P < 0.001), Austrian nationality (2.2, P < 0.001), higher skill level (1.7, P < 0.001), and off-slope skiing (OR 2.2, P = 0.060) to be predictive for a risky behavior on ski slopes. Neither the use of skis or snowboards nor accident causes were significantly associated with a riskier behavior on ski slopes. In conclusion, self-reported risk-taking behavior and ski helmet use seem not to be associated with accident causes leading to an injury among recreational skiers and snowboarders.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0905-7188",
doi="10.1111/sms.12139",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12139"
}