@article{ref1,
title="A multisport epidemiologic comparison of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in high school athletics",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2013",
author="Joseph, Allan M. and Collins, Christy L. and Henke, Natalie M. and Yard, Ellen E. and Fields, Sarah K. and Comstock, R. Dawn",
volume="48",
number="6",
pages="810-817",
abstract="Background :  The knee joint is the second most commonly injured body site after the ankle and the leading cause of sport-related surgeries. Knee injuries, especially of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are among the most economically costly sport injuries, frequently requiring expensive surgery and rehabilitation.   Objective :  To investigate the epidemiology of ACL injuries among high school athletes by sport and sex. Design :  Descriptive epidemiology study.   Main Outcome Measure(s) :  Using an Internet-based data-collection tool, Reporting Information Online (RIO), certified athletic trainers from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athlete-exposure and injury data for athletes from 9 sports during the 2007/08-2011/12 academic years. The outcome of interest in this study was ACL injuries.   Results :  During the study period, 617 ACL injuries were reported during 9 452 180 athlete exposures (AEs), for an injury rate of 6.5 per 100 000 AEs. Nationally, in the 9 sports studied, an estimated 215 628 ACL injuries occurred during the study period. The injury rate was higher in competition (17.6) than practice (2.4; rate ratio [RR] = 7.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 6.08,8.68). Girls' soccer had the highest injury rate (12.2) followed by boys' football (11.1), with boys' basketball (2.3) and boys' baseball (0.7) having the lowest rates. In sex-comparable sports, girls had a higher rate (8.9) than boys (2.6; RR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.64,4.47). Overall, 76.6% of ACL injuries resulted in surgery. The most common mechanisms of injury were player-to-player contact (42.8%) and no contact (37.9%).   Conclusions :  Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates vary by sport, sex, and type of exposure. Recognizing such differences is important when evaluating the effectiveness of evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.03",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.03"
}