@article{ref1,
title="Low-Level Violence: A Neglected Aspect of School Culture",
journal="Urban education",
year="2002",
author="Dupper, David R. and Meyer-Adams, Nancy",
volume="37",
number="3",
pages="350-364",
abstract="A largely neglected aspect of school violence is low-level, underlying violence in schools that includes bullying, peer sexual harassment, victimization based on sexual orientation, and the psychological maltreatment of students by teachers. Low-level violence angers and alienates many students and contributes to a hostile school environment. This article examines the extent of low-level violence in U.S. public schools and its impact on students' school performance. The authors argue that the one way of reducing low-level violence in schools is to create a more positive school culture and climate. Guidelines for preventing or minimizing low-level violence in schools are presented. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Urban Education, 2002. Copyright © 2002 by SAGE Publications)School ClimateSchool EnvironmentSchool ViolenceBullying In SchoolPeer Sexual HarassmentPeer VictimizationJuvenile Sexual HarassmentSexual Harassment In SchoolSchool AchievementSchool PerformanceViolence EffectsSexual Orientation VictimizationStudent Teacher Relations06-02<p />",
language="en",
issn="0042-0859",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}