@article{ref1,
title="Epidemiology and management of maxillofacial fractures treated at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1998-2003",
journal="International dental journal",
year="2006",
author="Deogratius, Barnabas Kilasara and Isaac, Matee Mecky and Farrid, Shubi",
volume="56",
number="3",
pages="131-134",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study investigated the pattern, causes and management of maxillofacial fractures at the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam. METHODS: The medical records and radiographs for patients treated for maxillofacial fractures over a 5-year period (1998-2003) were retrieved. Data on the patients' age, sex, cause and type of injury, treatment modality, and post-operative complications were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 314 patient records of 261 (83.1%) males and 53 (26.9%) females were retrieved (ratio m:f = 3:1), age range 2-70 years, with most (41.4%) in the 20-29 year age group. Most of the fractures occurred in the mandible 222 (70.7%). The distribution of maxillary fractures was Le-Fort I in 10 (66.7%). Most fractures were caused by assault 181 (57.6%) followed by falls 62 (19.7%), motor traffic accidents 43 (13.7%) and sports 25 (8%). Most of the mandibular (98.2%) and zygomatic arch fractures (62.5%) were managed by closed reduction, compared with alveolar bone fractures that were predominantly managed by open reduction. Complications occurred in 17 (5.4%) patients and were mostly infections. CONCLUSION: The causes and pattern of maxillofacial fractures reflect trauma patterns within the community and, as such, can provide a guide to the design of programmes geared toward prevention and treatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0020-6539",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}