@article{ref1,
title="Impact of Childhood Abuse History on Psychological Symptoms Among Male and Female Soldiers in The U.S. Army",
journal="Child abuse and neglect",
year="1996",
author="Rosen, Leora N. and Martin, Lee",
volume="20",
number="12",
pages="1149-1160",
abstract="The long-term psychological effects of four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined among 1,072 male and 305 female soldiers on active duty in the United States Army. The predictor variables included four subscales from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)ññ(1) physical-emotional abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) emotional neglect, and (4) physical neglect. An additional sexual abuse variable based on the four screening questions developed by Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis, and Smith (1990) was also included. Outcome was measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory and a dissociation scale developed by Briere and Runtz (1988). MANOVAs were conducted for each outcome measure. Physical-emotional abuse contributed to most of the effects. However, sexual abuse contributed additional significant effects to all of the subscales. In general, males and females showed similar outcomes, but certain gender differences were noted. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Child Abuse & Neglect, 1996. Copyright © 1996 by Elsevier Science)Child Abuse EffectsChild Abuse VictimChild Emotional Abuse EffectsChild Emotional Abuse VictimChild Neglect EffectsChild Neglect VictimChild Physical Abuse EffectsChild Physical Abuse VictimChild Sexual Abuse EffectsChild Sexual Abuse VictimChild VictimChildhood ExperienceChildhood VictimizationDomestic Violence EffectsDomestic Violence VictimLong-Term EffectsPsychological Victimization EffectsAdult AdjustmentVictim AdjustmentEmotional AdjustmentMilitary PersonnelAdult Survivor09-03<p />",
language="en",
issn="0145-2134",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}