@article{ref1,
title="Male African Americans, singe parent homes, and educational plans: implications for educators and policymakers",
journal="Journal of education for students placed at risk",
year="1997",
author="Bateman, Mark",
volume="2",
number="3",
pages="229-250",
abstract="One of the most troubling issues facing policymakers and educators at all levels is the educational attainment of students in at-risk circumstances--in broken homes, in poverty, in criminal environments, and so on. Educators in elementary and secondary schools have attempted to decrease the drop-out rates and increase the academic success of these students, and higher education personnel have struggled to recruit and retain them through graduation. In both settings, a consistent finding is that a student's educational plans or aspirations play a pivotal role in actual attainment. As noted by Schmit and Hossler (1995), in a 9-year longitudinal study, &quot;plans made during ninth-grade [high school graduation, enrollment in a college or university, or entrance into the workforce are stable across a student's high school career&quot; (p. 25).<p />",
language="",
issn="1082-4669",
doi="10.1207/s15327671espr0203_4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327671espr0203_4"
}