@article{ref1,
title="Heat stroke risk for open-water swimmers during long-distance events",
journal="Wilderness and environmental medicine",
year="2013",
author="Macaluso, Filippo and Barone, Rosario and Isaacs, Ashwin W. and Farina, Felicia and Morici, Giuseppe and Di Felice, Valentina",
volume="24",
number="4",
pages="362-365",
abstract="Open-water swimming is a rapidly growing sport discipline worldwide, and clinical problems associated with long-distance swimming are now better recognized and managed more effectively. The most prevalent medical risk associated with an open-water swimming event is hypothermia; therefore, the Federation Internationale De Natation (FINA) has instituted 2 rules to reduce this occurrence related to the minimum water temperature and the time taken to complete the race. Another medical risk that is relevant to open-water swimmers is heat stroke, a condition that can easily go unnoticed. The purpose of this review is to shed light on this physiological phenomenon by examining the physiological response of swimmers during long-distance events, to define a maximum water temperature limit for competitions. We conclude that competing in water temperatures exceeding 33°C should be avoided.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1080-6032",
doi="10.1016/j.wem.2013.04.008",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2013.04.008"
}