@article{ref1,
title="Experimental mood manipulation does not induce change in preference for natural landscapes",
journal="Human nature",
year="1998",
author="Klopp, Bernadette and Mealey, Linda",
volume="9",
number="4",
pages="391-399",
abstract="According to evolutionary theory, emotions are psychological mechanisms that have evolved to enhance fitness in specific situations by motivating appropriate (adaptive) behavior. Taking this perspective, a previous study examined the relationship between mood and preference for natural environments. It reported that participants' anxiety level was associated with a preference for landscapes offering what Appleton called &quot;refuge,&quot; while participants' anger and cheerfulness were both associated with a preference for landscapes offering what Appleton called &quot;prospect.&quot; We attempted to replicate these results and to improve on the study by experimentally manipulating mood. Using a between-subjects design, 80 participants were instructed to self-induce one of four moods: anger, sadness, anxiety, or joy. After the mood induction, they viewed fourteen landscape photographs and recorded the seven most preferred. It was hypothesized that subjects experiencing anger or joy would prefer landscapes rich in &quot;prospect&quot; features, whereas participants experiencing sadness or anxiety would prefer landscapes rich in &quot;refuge&quot; features. In contrast to the previous study, the predictions were not supported: artificially induced moods may not provide ecological validity as a test of the &quot;mood as motivator&quot; model; alternatively, the first study may have reported an alpha error. To see whether the model has practical value, we recommend a study of landscape preference using participants with clinically significant levels of mood dysphoria.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1045-6767",
doi="10.1007/s12110-998-1016-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-998-1016-z"
}