@article{ref1,
title="Discriminating between substance-induced and independent depressive episodes in alcohol dependent patients",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol",
year="2004",
author="Ramsey, Susan E. and Kahler, Christopher W. and Read, Jennifer P. and Stuart, Gregory L. and Brown, Richard A.",
volume="65",
number="5",
pages="672-676",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the accuracy with which the depressive episodes of alcoholics undergoing treatment are classified as substance-induced depression (SID) or independent major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD: Participants were 95 patients (64 men) undergoing partial hospital treatment for alcohol dependence. Affective disorders were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months later. RESULTS: Over one quarter of the depressive episodes originally diagnosed as SID were reclassified as MDD during the 1-year follow-up, due to a continuation of the depressive episode despite a period of prolonged abstinence from alcohol and drugs. Both history of MDD and lower levels of alcohol dependence were associated with diagnostic change from SID to MDD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the diagnostic complexity of these two types of depressive disorders and point to clinical features that may differentiate them.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0096-882X",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}