@article{ref1,
title="Health impacts of pedestrian head-loading: A review of the evidence with particular reference to women and children in sub-Saharan Africa",
journal="Social science and medicine (1982)",
year="2013",
author="Porter, Gina and Hampshire, Kate and Dunn, Christine and Hall, Richard and Levesley, Martin and Burton, Kim and Robson, Steve and Abane, Albert M. and Blell, Mwenza and Panther, Julia",
volume="88",
number="",
pages="90-97",
abstract="Across sub-Saharan Africa, women and children play major roles as pedestrian load-transporters, in the widespread absence of basic sanitation services, electricity and affordable/reliable motorised transport. The majority of loads, including water and firewood for domestic purposes, are carried on the head. Load-carrying has implications not only for school attendance and performance, women's time budgets and gender relations, but arguably also for health and well-being. We report findings from a comprehensive review of relevant literature, undertaken June-September 2012, focussing particularly on biomechanics, maternal health, and the psycho-social impacts of load-carrying; we also draw from our own research. Key knowledge gaps and areas for future research are highlighted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0277-9536",
doi="10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.010",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.010"
}