@article{ref1,
title="Penetrating cardiac trauma in adolescents: A rare injury with excessive mortality",
journal="Journal of pediatric surgery",
year="2013",
author="Lustenberger, Thomas and Talving, Peep and Lam, Lydia and Inaba, Kenji and Mohseni, Shahin and Smith, Jennifer Ann and Demetriades, Demetrios",
volume="48",
number="4",
pages="745-749",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Penetrating cardiac injuries in pediatric patients are rarely encountered. Likewise, the in-hospital outcome measures following these injuries are poorly described. METHODS: All pediatric patients (<18years) sustaining penetrating cardiac injuries between 1/2000 and 12/2010 were retrospectively identified using the trauma registry of an urban level I trauma center. Demographic and admission variables, operative findings, and hospital course were extracted. Outpatient follow-up data were obtained through chart reviews and cardiac-specific imaging studies. RESULTS: During the 11-year study period, 32 of the 4569 pediatric trauma admissions (0.7%) sustained penetrating cardiac injuries. All patients were male and the majority suffered stab wounds (81.2%). The mean systolic blood pressure on admission was 28.8±52.9mmHg and the mean ISS was 46.9±27.7. Cardiac chambers involved were the right ventricle (46.9%), the left ventricle (43.8%), and the right atrium (18.8%). Overall, 9 patients (28.1%) survived to hospital discharge. Outpatient follow-up echocardiography was available for 4 patients (44.4%). An abnormal echocardiography result was found in 1 patient, demonstrating hypokinesia and tricuspid regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS: Penetrating cardiac trauma is a rare injury in the pediatric population. Cardiac chambers predominantly involved are the right and left ventricles. This injury is associated with a low in-hospital survival (<30%).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-3468",
doi="10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.020",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.020"
}