@article{ref1,
title="Ethanol concentration in breastmilk after the consumption of non-alcoholic beer",
journal="Breastfeeding medicine",
year="2013",
author="Schneider, Claudia and Thierauf, Annette and Kempf, Jürgen and Auwärter, Volker",
volume="8",
number="3",
pages="291-293",
abstract="Background: During lactation, the consumption of ethanol is discussed controversially. After women drink alcoholic beverages, ethanol can be found in breastmilk with a time lag. To abstain from ethanol, but not from the taste of alcoholic beverages, in particular, non-alcoholic beer has become popular in recent years. According to regulations in the United States and most European countries, these &quot;alcohol-free&quot; beverages may still contain ethanol up to 1.2% by volume. To determine how much of this ethanol may reach the breastfed child, a drinking experiment with non-alcoholic beer was performed. Subjects and Methods: Fifteen healthy breastfeeding women participated in the study. After at least 5 days of abstinence from ethanol and the donation of a void breastmilk sample, they were asked to drink 1.5 L of non-alcoholic beer within 1 hour. Breastmilk samples were collected using electronic breast pumps immediately after the end of drinking as well as 1 and 3 hours later. The milk was analyzed for ethanol by headspace-gas chromatography-flame ionization detection using a fully validated method. Results: In two women, trace amounts of ethanol (up to 0.0021 g/L) were found in the samples gained immediately after the drinking period. In the other samples ethanol could not be detected (limit of detection=0.0006 g/L). Conclusions: The mother's consumption of non-alcoholic beer is likely innocuous for the breastfed infant.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1556-8253",
doi="10.1089/bfm.2012.0156",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2012.0156"
}