@article{ref1,
title="Evaluation of red light camera enforcement in Oxnard, California",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="1999",
author="Retting, Richard A. and Williams, Allan F. and Farmer, Charles M. and Feldman, Amy F.",
volume="31",
number="3",
pages="169-174",
abstract="Red light cameras are increasingly being used to supplement police efforts to enforce against noncompliance with traffic signals--a substantial contributing factor in urban motor vehicle crashes. Camera enforcement is intended to modify driver behavior through both general deterrence and punishment of individual violators. A before/after quasi-experimental design with controls was employed to evaluate the influence of a red light camera enforcement program on red light violation rates in the city of Oxnard, CA. A total of 14 intersections (nine camera sites, three non-camera sites, and two control sites) were studied. Overall, the red light violation rate was reduced approximately 42% several months after the enforcement program began. Increases in driver compliance with red lights were not limited to the camera-equipped intersections but spilled over to nonequipped intersections as well. Results of public opinion surveys conducted approximately 6 weeks before, 6 weeks after, and 6 months after the camera enforcement program began indicated that nearly 80% of Oxnard residents support using red light cameras as a supplement to police efforts to enforce traffic signal laws.",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}