@article{ref1,
title="The Peer Aggressive and Reactive Behavior Questionnaire (PARB-Q): Measurement invariance across Italian and Brazilian children, gender and age",
journal="Child psychiatry and human development",
year="2013",
author="Borsa, Juliane Callegaro and Damásio, Bruno Figueiredo and Bandeira, Denise Ruschel and Gremigni, Paola",
volume="44",
number="6",
pages="766-776",
abstract="This study examines measurement invariance, reliability and scores differences of the Peer Aggressive and Reactive Behaviors Questionnaire (PARB-Q) across Italian and Brazilian children, gender and age. Participants were 587 Italian and 727 Brazilian children, aged 7-13 years from 12 elementary schools. The PARB-Q is a brief self-report instrument composed by two scales that assess aggressive behavior and reactions to peer aggression. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated full measurement invariance of the PARB-Q across groups based on country, gender and age, providing support for the unidimensionality of the first scale (direct peer aggression, PA) and a 3-factor model of the second scale (reactive aggression, RA; seeking teacher support, STS; internalizing reaction, IR). Reliability indices were good for all factors. Italian children reported a higher frequency of PA and a lower frequency of IR than the Brazilian children. Boys scored higher than girls on PA and RA, while girls scored higher than boys on STS and IR. Younger children reported a lower frequency of PA and a higher frequency of STS than older children. Results provide support for structure validity and reliability of the PARB-Q in two countries and information on differences related to gender, age and culture in peer relationships in elementary school.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-398X",
doi="10.1007/s10578-013-0368-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0368-8"
}