@article{ref1,
title="Brief communication: pituitary volume and function in competing and retired male boxers",
journal="Annals of internal medicine",
year="2008",
author="Tanriverdi, Fatih and Unluhizarci, Kursad and Kocyigit, Ismail and Tuna, Ibrahim S. and Karaca, Zuleyha and Durak, Ahmet C. and Selcuklu, Ahmet and Casanueva, Felipe F. and Kelestimur, Fahrettin",
volume="148",
number="11",
pages="827-831",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Pituitary consequences of chronic head trauma in boxing have not been investigated in detail. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pituitary function in retired or active amateur boxers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING: Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: 61 actively competing (n = 44) or retired (n = 17) male boxers of the Turkish National Boxing Team. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition variables, pituitary volume (in 38 of 61 boxers), and pituitary function. RESULTS: 9 of 61 boxers (15%) had growth hormone (GH) deficiency and 5 of 61 boxers (8%) had adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. All boxers with GH deficiency except 1 were retired from boxing. Of 17 retired boxers, 8 (47%) had GH deficiency. Retired boxers with GH deficiency had significantly lower pituitary volume than retired boxers with normal GH. LIMITATION: Pituitary volume was measured in only 38 of 61 boxers, and the study had no comparison group. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that retired boxers have a high rate of pituitary dysfunction. Therefore, investigation of pituitary function in boxers, particularly retired ones, is recommended.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0003-4819",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}